--- title: The ju-ju man then cast lots, and told them that they would drive th… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics description: The ju-ju man then cast lots, and told them that they would drive the Inkum people away, killing many men and taking many men, women and children prisoners, but he warned them that they must not commence the fight, as it was the Inkum people who were in the wrong and had killed the Enfitop people. 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The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ju man, lots, man, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg70959:7:47 # text = The ju-ju man then cast lots, and told them that they would drive the Inkum people away, killing many men and taking many men, women and children prisoners, but he warned them that they must not commence the fight, as it was the Inkum people who were in the wrong and had killed the Enfitop people. 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 2 ju ju NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 3 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 2 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 4 ju ju NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 compound _ _ 5 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 6 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 7 advmod _ _ 7 cast cast VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 8 lots lot NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 9 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 11 told tell VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ _ 12 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 iobj _ _ 13 that that SCONJ IN _ 16 mark _ _ 14 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ _ 15 would would AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 16 aux _ _ 16 drive drive VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 11 xcomp _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 18 Inkum Inkum PROPN NNP Number=Sing 19 compound _ _ 19 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 obj _ _ 20 away away ADV RB _ 16 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 21 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 22 killing kill VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 11 advcl _ _ 23 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 24 amod _ _ 24 men man NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 obj _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 26 taking take VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 22 conj _ _ 27 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 28 amod _ _ 28 men man NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 29 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 30 women woman NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 conj _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 32 children child NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 compound _ _ 33 prisoners prisoner NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 34 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 35 but but CCONJ CC _ 37 cc _ _ 36 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 37 nsubj _ _ 37 warned warn VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ _ 38 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 37 obj _ _ 39 that that SCONJ IN _ 43 mark _ _ 40 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 43 nsubj _ _ 41 must must AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 43 aux _ _ 42 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 43 advmod _ _ 43 commence commence VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 37 ccomp _ _ 44 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 45 det _ _ 45 fight fight NOUN NN Number=Sing 43 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 46 , , PUNCT , _ 52 punct _ _ 47 as as ADP IN _ 52 case _ _ 48 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 52 nsubj _ _ 49 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 52 cop _ _ 50 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 52 det _ _ 51 Inkum Inkum PROPN NNP Number=Sing 52 compound _ _ 52 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 43 obl _ _ 53 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 54 nsubj _ _ 54 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 52 acl:relcl _ _ 55 in in ADP IN _ 57 case _ _ 56 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 57 det _ _ 57 wrong wrong ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 54 obl _ _ 58 and and CCONJ CC _ 60 cc _ _ 59 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 60 aux _ _ 60 killed kill VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 54 conj _ _ 61 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 63 det _ _ 62 Enfitop Enfitop PROPN NNP Number=Sing 63 compound _ _ 63 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 60 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 64 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **cast** | past | the ju man | lots | | | then | | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Product | | 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | the ju man *not said here* | | lots *= lot* | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent they=Recipient clause=Topic | | 3 | **drive** *not said to happen* | would | lots *= lot* | the Inkum people | | | | away *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme | | 4 | **kill** | gerund | the ju man *not said here* | many men | | | | | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Theme | | 5 | **take** | gerund | the ju man *not said here* | | many men and women and children prisoners | | | | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument man=Destination | | 6 | **warn** *speech: warn* | past | man | | people | | | | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient that S»: agent=Agent they=Recipient clause=Topic | | 7 | **not** **commence** | must | people | the fight | | | | | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fight=Eventuality | | 8 | **is** | past | fight | | | | | as the Inkum people | tree rules | | 9 | **kill** | past · perfect | fight *not said here* | the Enfitop people | | | | | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 46](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/7/46/) - next →: [sentence 48](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/7/48/) - ↑ back to [Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/7/)