---
title: They fought for the greater part of the day, until at last the Inkum… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: They fought for the greater part of the day, until at last the Inkum men were beaten, many having been killed and wounded. Who acts: arrows. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop., with its dependency tree 
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop., sentence 51

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They fought for the greater part of the day, until at last the Inkum men were beaten, many having been killed and wounded.

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**Who acts:** arrows · **What happens:** fight, beat, kill, wound · **To what, where:** Inkum men, last, many

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (arrows), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:7:51
# text = They fought for the greater part of the day, until at last the Inkum men were beaten, many having been killed and wounded.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	fought	fight	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	greater	great	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	amod	_	_
6	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
11	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
12	at	at	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	obl	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	Inkum	Inkum	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
17	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	beaten	beat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
20	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	nsubj:pass	_	_
21	having	have	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	23	aux	_	_
22	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	23	aux:pass	_	_
23	killed	kill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	conj	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	wounded	wound	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fight** | past | arrows *= arrow* |  |  |  |  | for the greater part of the day | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **beat** | past · passive |  | the Inkum men |  | last |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **kill** | gerund · perfect · passive |  | many |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 4 | **wound** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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