---
title: Most of the old men were killed, and the women and children were mad… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: Most of the old men were killed, and the women and children were made prisoners and taken to Enfitop. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop., sentence 53

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Most of the old men were killed, and the women and children were made prisoners and taken to Enfitop.

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**What happens:** kill, make, take · **To what, where:** Most old men, women, Enfitop

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:7:53
# text = Most of the old men were killed, and the women and children were made prisoners and taken to Enfitop.
1	Most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	amod	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	killed	kill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	women	woman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	_
14	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	parataxis	_	_
16	prisoners	prisoner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	conj	_	_
19	to	to	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	Enfitop	Enfitop	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **kill** | past · passive |  | the Most old men |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | past · passive |  | the women and children |  |  |  | prisoners *obj* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: subject=Beneficiary prisoner=Product |
| 3 | **take** | participle |  |  | Enfitop |  |  |  | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Patient to enfitop=Result |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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