---
title: He then dressed himself up in the long hair (mane) of a ram, wrapped… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: He then dressed himself up in the long hair (mane) of a ram, wrapped a leopard skin round his waist, painted his face, breast and right hand with white chalk, and placed four feathers from the black-and-white fishing eagle in his hair, one down the centre in front, one behind, and one on either side
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop., sentence 61

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He then dressed himself up in the long hair (mane) of a ram, wrapped a leopard skin round his waist, painted his face, breast and right hand with white chalk, and placed four feathers from the black-and-white fishing eagle in his hair, one down the centre in front, one behind, and one on either side.

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**Who acts:** man · **What happens:** dress up, wrap, paint, place · **To what, where:** man, long hair, leopard skin, face, four feathers

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:7:61
# text = He then dressed himself up in the long hair (mane) of a ram, wrapped a leopard skin round his waist, painted his face, breast and right hand with white chalk, and placed four feathers from the black-and-white fishing eagle in his hair, one down the centre in front, one behind, and one on either side.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
3	dressed	dress	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	3	obj	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
10	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	mane	mane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	11	punct	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	ram	ram	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	wrapped	wrap	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	leopard	leopard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
21	round	round	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	waist	waist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
25	painted	paint	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	conj	_	_
26	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
27	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
29	breast	breast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
31	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	_
33	with	with	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
35	chalk	chalk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
38	placed	place	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
39	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	40	nummod	_	_
40	feathers	feather	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	obj	_	_
41	from	from	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	49	det	_	_
43	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	49	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	49	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	49	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	45	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	49	amod	_	_
48	fishing	fishing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	compound	_	_
49	eagle	eagle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	obl	_	_
50	in	in	ADP	IN	_	52	case	_	_
51	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	52	nmod:poss	_	_
52	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	54	punct	_	_
54	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	52	appos	_	_
55	down	down	ADP	IN	_	57	case	_	_
56	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	57	det	_	_
57	centre	centre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	54	nmod	_	_
58	in	in	ADP	IN	_	59	case	_	_
59	front	front	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	57	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
60	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	61	punct	_	_
61	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	54	conj	_	_
62	behind	behind	ADV	RB	_	61	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
63	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	65	punct	_	_
64	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	65	cc	_	_
65	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	_
66	on	on	ADP	IN	_	68	case	_	_
67	either	either	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	68	det	_	_
68	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	65	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
69	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dress up** | past | man | man |  | the long hair and mane of a ram | then | one on either side *obl* | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Patient |
| 2 | **wrap** | past | man *not said here* | a leopard skin |  |  |  | round man's waist | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent skin=Theme |
| 3 | **paint** | past | man *not said here* | man's face and breast and right hand |  |  |  | with white chalk | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: agent=Agent face=Destination with chalk=Theme |
| 4 | **place** | participle | man *not said here* | four feathers |  |  |  | from the black white fishing eagle in man's hair | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent feather=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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