--- title: He then took the head of the man he had just killed in his left hand… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics description: He then took the head of the man he had just killed in his left hand, and holding his matchet in his right, he danced all round the town, shouting out that they were great fighters, and that the ju-ju had made them successful in the battle. Who acts: man, heads. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/7/62/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/) / [Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inku…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/7/) / 62 # Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop., sentence 62 He then took the head of the man he had just killed in his left hand, and holding his matchet in his right, he danced all round the town, shouting out that they were great fighters, and that the ju-ju had made them successful in the battle. **Who acts:** man, heads · **What happens:** take, kill, hold, dance, shout out, be · **To what, where:** head, man, left hand, matchet, right, town This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, heads), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg70959:7:62 # text = He then took the head of the man he had just killed in his left hand, and holding his matchet in his right, he danced all round the town, shouting out that they were great fighters, and that the ju-ju had made them successful in the battle. 1 He he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 2 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 3 advmod _ _ 3 took take VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 head head NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 6 of of ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _ 9 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nsubj:pass _ _ 10 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 aux _ _ 11 just just ADV RB _ 12 advmod _ _ 12 killed kill VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 8 acl:relcl _ _ 13 in in ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 14 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ _ 15 left left ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 amod _ _ 16 hand hand NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 17 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 19 holding hold VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 3 advcl _ _ 20 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ _ 21 matchet matchet NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obj _ _ 22 in in ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 23 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ _ 24 right right ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 25 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 26 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 nsubj _ _ 27 danced dance VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 28 all all ADV RB _ 27 advmod _ _ 29 round round ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 town town NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 32 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 33 shouting shout VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 27 advcl _ _ 34 out out ADP RP _ 33 compound:prt _ _ 35 that that SCONJ IN _ 39 mark _ _ 36 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 39 nsubj _ _ 37 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 39 cop _ _ 38 great great ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 39 amod _ _ 39 fighters fighter NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 40 , , PUNCT , _ 48 punct _ _ 41 and and CCONJ CC _ 48 cc _ _ 42 that that SCONJ IN _ 48 mark _ _ 43 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 44 det _ _ 44 ju ju PROPN NNP Number=Sing 48 nsubj:pass _ SpaceAfter=No 45 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 44 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 46 ju ju PROPN NNP Number=Sing 44 flat _ _ 47 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 48 aux _ _ 48 made make VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 parataxis _ _ 49 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 48 obj _ _ 50 successful successful ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 48 xcomp _ _ 51 in in ADP IN _ 53 case _ _ 52 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 53 det _ _ 53 battle battle NOUN NN Number=Sing 50 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 54 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **take** | past | man | the head of the man | | | then | | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Theme | | 2 | **kill** | past · perfect · passive | the man *not said here* | man | | man's left hand | | | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | | 3 | **hold** | gerund | man *not said here* | man's matchet | | man's right | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent matchet=Theme in right=Location | | 4 | **dance** | past | man | | | the town | | all *property* | vn waltz-51.5 «NP V PP.trajectory PP.goal»: agent=Theme round town=Trajectory | | 5 | **shout out** *speech: express* | gerund | man *not said here* | | | | | | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **is a** | past | heads *= head* | great fighters | | | | | tree rules | | 7 | **make** | past · perfect · passive | | the ju | | | | heads *= head* *obj*; successful *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: subject=Beneficiary they=Product | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 61](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/7/61/) - next →: [sentence 63](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/7/63/) - ↑ back to [Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/7/)