---
title: When he had been all round, he went into the open space in the middl… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: When he had been all round, he went into the open space in the middle of the compound, and the women came up to him with presents; some would present him with a fathom of cloth, but the poorer people would offer a few rods, yams, or some salt. Who acts: man, women, some, poorer people. A sentence of
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop., sentence 63

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When he had been all round, he went into the open space in the middle of the compound, and the women came up to him with presents; some would present him with a fathom of cloth, but the poorer people would offer a few rods, yams, or some salt.

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**Who acts:** man, women, some, poorer people · **What happens:** be, go, come up, present, offer · **To what, where:** open space, man, few rods

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, women, some, poorer people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:7:63
# text = When he had been all round, he went into the open space in the middle of the compound, and the women came up to him with presents; some would present him with a fathom of cloth, but the poorer people would offer a few rods, yams, or some salt.
1	When	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	6	mark	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	cop	_	_
5	all	all	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	round	round	ADV	RB	_	9	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	into	into	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	middle	middle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	compound	compound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	women	woman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nsubj	_	_
24	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	parataxis	_	_
25	up	up	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
26	to	to	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	obl	_	_
28	with	with	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	presents	present	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
31	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	33	nsubj	_	_
32	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	33	aux	_	_
33	present	present	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	conj	_	_
34	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	33	obj	_	_
35	with	with	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	fathom	fathom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obl	_	_
38	of	of	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
39	cloth	cloth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	46	punct	_	_
41	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	46	cc	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
43	poorer	poor	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	44	amod	_	_
44	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	46	nsubj	_	_
45	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	46	aux	_	_
46	offer	offer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	_
47	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	49	det	_	_
48	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	49	amod	_	_
49	rods	rod	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	46	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	51	punct	_	_
51	yams	yam	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	49	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
52	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	55	punct	_	_
53	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	55	cc	_	_
54	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	55	det	_	_
55	salt	salt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
56	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past · perfect | man |  |  |  |  | all, round *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **go** | past | man |  |  | the open space in the middle of the compound |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into space=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **come up** | past | the women |  | man |  |  | with presents | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to he=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **present** | would | some |  | man |  |  | with a fathom of cloth | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP.theme»: agent=Agent he=Recipient with fathom=Theme |
| 5 | **offer** | would | the poorer people | a few rods and yams or some salt |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent rod=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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