---
title: The ju-ju man told him that Chief Awum and Chief Osode had caused al… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: The ju-ju man told him that Chief Awum and Chief Osode had caused all the trouble by killing the Enfitop boys and stealing the children for food. Who acts: ju man, Chief. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfit
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop., sentence 71

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The ju-ju man told him that Chief Awum and Chief Osode had caused all the trouble by killing the Enfitop boys and stealing the children for food.

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**Who acts:** ju man, Chief · **What happens:** tell, cause, kill, steal · **To what, where:** Chief, trouble, Enfitop boys, children · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ju man, Chief), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:7:71
# text = The ju-ju man told him that Chief Awum and Chief Osode had caused all the trouble by killing the Enfitop boys and stealing the children for food.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	ju	ju	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	ju	ju	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	iobj	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
9	Chief	Chief	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
10	Awum	Awum	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	flat	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	Chief	Chief	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
13	Osode	Osode	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	flat	_	_
14	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	ccomp	_	_
16	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	18	det:predet	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	trouble	trouble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
19	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
20	killing	kill	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	15	advcl	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	Enfitop	Enfitop	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	_
23	boys	boy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obj	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	stealing	steal	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	20	conj	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obj	_	_
28	for	for	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | the ju man |  | Chief |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **cause** | past · perfect | Chief and Chief | all trouble |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition trouble=Patient |
| 3 | **kill** | gerund | Chief and Chief *not said here* | the Enfitop boys |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent boy=Theme |
| 4 | **steal** | gerund | Chief and Chief *not said here* | the children |  |  |  | for food | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent child=Theme for food=Beneficiary |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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