---
title: Chief Indoma blamed Chief Awum very much for what had happened, but… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: Chief Indoma blamed Chief Awum very much for what had happened, but he praised Chief Osode for getting them back in safety across the river, and also for his ingenious device in getting them some more human food without any risk or fighting. Who acts: Chief, ingenious device. A sentence of «Ikom fol
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop., sentence 86

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Chief Indoma blamed Chief Awum very much for what had happened, but he praised Chief Osode for getting them back in safety across the river, and also for his ingenious device in getting them some more human food without any risk or fighting.

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**Who acts:** Chief, ingenious device · **What happens:** blame, happen, praise, get back, get · **To what, where:** Chief, Chief Osode, people, safety

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chief, ingenious device), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:7:86
# text = Chief Indoma blamed Chief Awum very much for what had happened, but he praised Chief Osode for getting them back in safety across the river, and also for his ingenious device in getting them some more human food without any risk or fighting.
1	Chief	Chief	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Indoma	Indoma	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	blamed	blame	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Chief	Chief	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	Awum	Awum	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	flat	_	_
6	very	very	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	much	much	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
8	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
9	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	11	nsubj	_	_
10	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	happened	happen	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	praised	praise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
16	Chief	Chief	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	Osode	Osode	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
19	getting	get	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	15	advcl	_	_
20	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obj	_	_
21	back	back	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	safety	safety	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
24	across	across	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
29	also	also	ADV	RB	_	33	advmod	_	_
30	for	for	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
31	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	33	nmod:poss	_	_
32	ingenious	ingenious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	device	device	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	_
34	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	35	mark	_	_
35	getting	get	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	33	acl	_	_
36	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	35	obj	_	_
37	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	40	det	_	_
38	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	39	advmod	_	_
39	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	40	amod	_	_
40	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obj	_	_
41	without	without	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
42	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	43	det	_	_
43	risk	risk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obl	_	_
44	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	45	cc	_	_
45	fighting	fighting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **blame** | past | Chief | Chief |  |  |  | Chief's ingenious device *parataxis* | vn judgment-33.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chief=Theme |
| 2 | **happen** | past · perfect |  |  |  |  |  | what *nsubj* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **praise** | past | Chief | Chief Osode |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent osode=Theme |
| 4 | **get back** | gerund | Chief *not said here* | people |  | safety across the river |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus |
| 5 | **get** | gerund | Chief's ingenious device *not said here* | people |  |  |  | without any risk or fighting; some human food *obj* | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary food=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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