---
title: The leopard then went to the house he had burnt, and found that he h… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: The leopard then went to the house he had burnt, and found that he had destroyed all his own goats, leaving the boy still uninjured. Who acts: leopard. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xi.--how a Father Tried to Kill One of His Sons But Failed., with it
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xi.--how a Father Tried to Kill One of His Sons But Failed., sentence 63

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The leopard then went to the house he had burnt, and found that he had destroyed all his own goats, leaving the boy still uninjured.

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**Who acts:** leopard · **What happens:** go, burnt, find, destroy, leave · **To what, where:** house, own goats, boy · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xi.--how a Father Tried to Kill One of His Sons But Failed.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (leopard), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:8:63
# text = The leopard then went to the house he had burnt, and found that he had destroyed all his own goats, leaving the boy still uninjured.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	leopard	leopard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
4	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	burnt	burnt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
14	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
16	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	destroyed	destroy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	13	ccomp	_	_
18	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	21	det:predet	_	_
19	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
20	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	goats	goat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	leaving	leave	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	17	advcl	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
26	still	still	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
27	uninjured	uninjured	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | the leopard |  |  | the house | then |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to house=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **burnt** | past · perfect | leopard | the house *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **find** | past | the leopard *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 4 | **destroy** | past · perfect | leopard | leopard's own goats |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent goat=Patient |
| 5 | **leave** | gerund | leopard *not said here* | the boy |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent boy=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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