--- title: Amoru also said, “one of the witches will present the calabash holdi… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics description: Amoru also said, “one of the witches will present the calabash holding ‘the night’ three times, and on the third time you must smash the ‘night’ calabash[4] with your matchet, and it will at once become light.” Who acts: Amoru, one, calabash, you. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Niger --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/9/72/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/) / [Xii.--concerning the Okuni Witches and…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/9/) / 72 # Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xii.--concerning the Okuni Witches and Cannibalism., sentence 72 Amoru also said, “one of the witches will present the calabash holding ‘the night’ three times, and on the third time you must smash the ‘night’ calabash\[4\] with your matchet, and it will at once become light.” **Who acts:** Amoru, one, calabash, you · **What happens:** say, present, hold, smash, become · **To what, where:** calabash, night calabash · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xii.--concerning the Okuni Witches and Cannibalism.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Amoru, one, calabash, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg70959:9:72 # text = Amoru also said, “one of the witches will present the calabash holding ‘the night’ three times, and on the third time you must smash the ‘night’ calabash[4] with your matchet, and it will at once become light.” 1 Amoru Amoru PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 2 also also ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 3 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 4 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 5 “ " PUNCT `` _ 6 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 6 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 11 nsubj _ _ 7 of of ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 witches witch NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nmod _ _ 10 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 11 aux _ _ 11 present present VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 ccomp _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 calabash calabash NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obj _ _ 14 holding hold VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 13 acl _ _ 15 ‘ ' PUNCT `` _ 17 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 night night NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 18 ’ ' PUNCT '' _ 17 punct _ _ 19 three three NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 20 nummod _ _ 20 times time NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 21 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 23 on on ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 25 third third ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 26 amod _ _ 26 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 obl _ _ 27 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 29 nsubj _ _ 28 must must AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 29 aux _ _ 29 smash smash VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 conj _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 31 ‘ ' PUNCT `` _ 32 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 32 night night NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 33 ’ ' PUNCT '' _ 32 punct _ _ 34 calabash calabash NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 35 [ [ PUNCT -LRB- _ 36 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 36 4 4 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 34 appos _ SpaceAfter=No 37 ] ] PUNCT -RRB- _ 36 punct _ _ 38 with with ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 39 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 40 nmod:poss _ _ 40 matchet matchet NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 41 , , PUNCT , _ 44 punct _ _ 42 and and CCONJ CC _ 44 cc _ _ 43 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 44 nsubj _ _ 44 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 3 ccomp _ _ 45 at at ADP IN _ 48 case _ _ 46 once once ADV RB NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult 47 advmod _ _ 47 become become VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 48 amod _ _ 48 light light NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 49 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 50 ” " PUNCT '' _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Amoru | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **present** *in a quote* | future | one of the witches | the calabash | | | | | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent calabash=Theme | | 3 | **hold** *in a quote* | gerund | the calabash *not said here* | | | | night; time | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **smash** *in a quote* | must | you | the night calabash | | | time | with your matchet | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent calabash=Patient with matchet=Instrument | | 5 | **become** *in a quote* | participle | | | | | | once *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 71](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/9/71/) - next →: [sentence 73](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/9/73/) - ↑ back to [Xii.--concerning the Okuni Witches and Cannibalism.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/9/)