---
title: It was a dark cellar underground, built with strong stone walls, int… — Indian Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: It was a dark cellar underground, built with strong stone walls, into which any criminal guilty of a capital offence was ushered to breathe his last there without food and drink. Who acts: dungeon. A sentence of «Indian Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Demon With Matted Hair " 196, part 8, with its de
---

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# Indian Fairy Tales, Demon With Matted Hair " 196, part 8, sentence 147

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was a dark cellar underground, built with strong stone walls, into which any criminal guilty of a capital offence was ushered to breathe his last there without food and drink.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** dungeon · **What happens:** be, build, usher, breathe · **To what, where:** dark cellar, criminal guilty, strong stone walls, last

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This is a sentence of «Indian Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Demon With Matted Hair " 196, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dungeon), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7128:14:147
# text = It was a dark cellar underground, built with strong stone walls, into which any criminal guilty of a capital offence was ushered to breathe his last there without food and drink.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	cellar	cellar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	underground	underground	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
11	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
14	into	into	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	24	obl	_	_
16	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	18	det	_	_
17	criminal	criminal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	guilty	guilty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj:pass	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	capital	capital	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	offence	offence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
23	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux:pass	_	_
24	ushered	usher	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	conj	_	_
25	to	to	PART	TO	_	26	mark	_	_
26	breathe	breathe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	xcomp	_	_
27	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	obj	_	_
29	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	26	advmod	_	_
30	without	without	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
33	drink	drink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | dungeon | a dark cellar |  |  |  | underground *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **build** | participle |  | a dark cellar *not said here* |  |  |  | with strong stone walls | vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent with wall=Source |
| 3 | **usher** | past · passive |  | any criminal guilty of a capital offence |  | strong stone walls |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **breathe** | to-infinitive |  | Brahman's last |  | there |  | without food and drink | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent last=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Indian Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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