---
title: He pondered over the calamity that had come upon him and his friends… — Indian Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: He pondered over the calamity that had come upon him and his friends, the dance they would have to perform, and the magnificent manner in which the three robbers had seated themselves on the grass. Who acts: idea, calamity, dance. A sentence of «Indian Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Demon With Matte
---

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# Indian Fairy Tales, Demon With Matted Hair " 196, part 14, sentence 47

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He pondered over the calamity that had come upon him and his friends, the dance they would have to perform, and the magnificent manner in which the three robbers had seated themselves on the grass.

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**Who acts:** idea, calamity, dance · **What happens:** ponder, come, have, perform, seat · **To what, where:** calamity, magnificent manner, grass

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This is a sentence of «Indian Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Demon With Matted Hair " 196, part 14. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (idea, calamity, dance), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7128:20:47
# text = He pondered over the calamity that had come upon him and his friends, the dance they would have to perform, and the magnificent manner in which the three robbers had seated themselves on the grass.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	pondered	ponder	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	over	over	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	calamity	calamity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
7	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	dance	dance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
17	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
18	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
20	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
21	perform	perform	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	magnificent	magnificent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	manner	manner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nsubj:pass	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	33	obl	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
30	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	31	nummod	_	_
31	robbers	robber	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	nsubj:pass	_	_
32	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	33	aux	_	_
33	seated	seat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	parataxis	_	_
34	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	33	obj	_	_
35	on	on	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ponder** | past | idea |  |  | the calamity |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **come** | past · perfect | the calamity |  |  |  |  | upon idea | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon he=Location |
| 3 | **have** | would | the dance |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **perform** | to-infinitive | the dance *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn performance-26.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **seat** | past · perfect · passive |  | the magnificent manner |  | the grass |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Indian Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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