---
title: So it was in one sense; for the leader commenced from a distance, an… — Indian Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: So it was in one sense; for the leader commenced from a distance, and had sung the song over twice before he and his companions commenced to approach the robbers. Who acts: song, leader. A sentence of «Indian Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Demon With Matted Hair " 196, part 14, with its dependency t
---

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# Indian Fairy Tales, Demon With Matted Hair " 196, part 14, sentence 54

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
So it was in one sense; for the leader commenced from a distance, and had sung the song over twice before he and his companions commenced to approach the robbers.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** song, leader · **What happens:** be, commence, sing, approach · **To what, where:** one sense, leader, song, robbers

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Indian Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Demon With Matted Hair " 196, part 14. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (song, leader), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7128:20:54
# text = So it was in one sense; for the leader commenced from a distance, and had sung the song over twice before he and his companions commenced to approach the robbers.
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	sense	sense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	leader	leader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
11	commenced	commence	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	distance	distance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	sung	sing	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	parataxis	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
21	over	over	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
22	twice	twice	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	18	advmod	_	_
23	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
24	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
26	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
27	companions	companion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	conj	_	_
28	commenced	commence	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	advcl	_	_
29	to	to	PART	TO	_	30	mark	_	_
30	approach	approach	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	xcomp	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	robbers	robber	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | song |  |  | one sense |  | for the leader | tree rules |
| 2 | **commence** | participle |  | the leader *not said here* |  |  |  | from a distance | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 3 | **sing** *speech: express* | past · perfect |  | the song |  |  |  | twice *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location song=Theme |
| 4 | **commence** | past | leader |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 5 | **approach** | to-infinitive | leader *not said here* | the robbers |  |  |  |  | vn confront-98 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent robber=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Indian Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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