---
title: Certainly there is abundant evidence of the early transmission by li… — Indian Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Certainly there is abundant evidence of the early transmission by literary means of a considerable number of drolls and folk-tales from India about the time of the Crusaders. Who acts: abundant evidence, literary, considerable number. A sentence of «Indian Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Joseph Jacob
---

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# Indian Fairy Tales, Joseph Jacobs, sentence 20

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Certainly there is abundant evidence of the early transmission by literary means of a considerable number of drolls and folk-tales from India about the time of the Crusaders.

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**Who acts:** abundant evidence, literary, considerable number · **What happens:** be, mean, droll, evidence · **To what, where:** folk tales, India, early transmission · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Indian Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Joseph Jacobs. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (abundant evidence, literary, considerable number), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7128:3:20
# text = Certainly there is abundant evidence of the early transmission by literary means of a considerable number of drolls and folk-tales from India about the time of the Crusaders.
1	Certainly	certainly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	3	expl	_	_
3	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	ccomp	_	_
4	abundant	abundant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	evidence	evidence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	early	early	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	transmission	transmission	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	literary	literary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	nsubj	_	_
12	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	considerable	considerable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
17	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
18	drolls	droll	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	acl:relcl	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
20	folk	folk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	tales	tale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	_
23	from	from	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
25	about	about	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	Crusaders	Crusader	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	27	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | abundant evidence of the early transmission |  |  | there |  | certainly *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present | literary |  |  |  |  | of a considerable number | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **droll** | present | a considerable number *not said here* | folk tales |  | India | about the time of the Crusaders |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **evidence** |  |  | the early transmission |  |  |  |  | nom evidence «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Indian Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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