---
title: The stories existing in Pali and Sanskrit I have taken from translat… — Indian Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: The stories existing in Pali and Sanskrit I have taken from translations, mostly from the German of Benfey or the vigorous English of Professor Rhys-Davids, whom I have to thank for permission to use his versions of the Jatakas. Who acts: stories, I, English Davids. A sentence of «Indian Fairy Tales
---

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# Indian Fairy Tales, Joseph Jacobs, sentence 40

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The stories existing in Pali and Sanskrit I have taken from translations, mostly from the German of Benfey or the vigorous English of Professor Rhys-Davids, whom I have to thank for permission to use his versions of the Jatakas.

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**Who acts:** stories, I, English Davids · **What happens:** exist, take, have, thank, use · **To what, where:** Pali, stories, translations, English Davids, versions

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This is a sentence of «Indian Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Joseph Jacobs. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (stories, I, English Davids), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7128:3:40
# text = The stories existing in Pali and Sanskrit I have taken from translations, mostly from the German of Benfey or the vigorous English of Professor Rhys-Davids, whom I have to thank for permission to use his versions of the Jatakas.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	existing	exist	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Pali	Pali	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	Sanskrit	Sanskrit	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	translations	translation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	mostly	mostly	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
15	from	from	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	German	German	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	Benfey	Benfey	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	vigorous	vigorous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	amod	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	Professor	Professor	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	_
26	Rhys	Rhys	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	Davids	david	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
30	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	32	obj	_	_
31	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	32	nsubj	_	_
32	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	acl:relcl	_	_
33	to	to	PART	TO	_	34	mark	_	_
34	thank	thank	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	32	xcomp	_	_
35	for	for	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	permission	permission	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	_
37	to	to	PART	TO	_	38	mark	_	_
38	use	use	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	34	advcl	_	_
39	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	40	nmod:poss	_	_
40	versions	version	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	obj	_	_
41	of	of	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
43	Jatakas	jataka	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	40	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exist** | gerund | the stories *not said here* |  |  | Pali and Sanskrit |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in pali=Location |
| 2 | **take** | present · perfect · passive |  | the stories |  | translations |  | from the German of Benfey and English Davids | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: subject=Theme from translation=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **have** | present | I | English Davids |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **thank** *speech: thank* | to-infinitive | English Davids *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for permission | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent for permission=Attribute |
| 5 | **use** | to-infinitive | English Davids *not said here* | David's versions of the Jatakas |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent version=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Indian Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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