---
title: All these collections, which reached Europe in the twelfth and thirt… — Indian Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: All these collections, which reached Europe in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, became very popular, and were used by monks and friars to enliven their sermons as EXEMPLA. Who acts: monks. A sentence of «Indian Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Demon With Matted Hair " 196, part 24, with its depen
---

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# Indian Fairy Tales, Demon With Matted Hair " 196, part 24, sentence 18

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All these collections, which reached Europe in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, became very popular, and were used by monks and friars to enliven their sermons as EXEMPLA.

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**Who acts:** monks · **What happens:** reach, become, use, enliven · **To what, where:** collections, sermons

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This is a sentence of «Indian Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Demon With Matted Hair " 196, part 24. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (monks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7128:30:18
# text = All these collections, which reached Europe in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, became very popular, and were used by monks and friars to enliven their sermons as EXEMPLA.
1	All	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	3	det:predet	_	_
2	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	collections	collection	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	reached	reach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
10	twelfth	twelfth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	thirteenth	thirteenth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	conj	_	_
13	centuries	century	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
16	very	very	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	popular	popular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux:pass	_	_
21	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
22	by	by	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	monks	monk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obl	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	friars	friar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	conj	_	_
26	to	to	PART	TO	_	27	mark	_	_
27	enliven	enliven	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	advcl	_	_
28	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	29	nmod:poss	_	_
29	sermons	sermon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obj	_	_
30	as	as	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	EXEMPLA	EXEMPLA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reach** | past |  | all collections |  |  | century |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent europe=Theme |
| 2 | **become** | past |  |  |  |  |  | popular *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **use** | past · passive | monks and friars |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **enliven** | to-infinitive | monks and friars *not said here* | collections's sermons |  |  |  | as EXEMPLA | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus sermon=Experiencer |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Indian Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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