---
title: It is certain that much (perhaps one-fifth) of the popular literatur… — Indian Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: It is certain that much (perhaps one-fifth) of the popular literature of modern Europe is derived from those portions of this large bulk which came west with the Crusades through the medium of Arabs and Jews. Who acts: part, large bulk. A sentence of «Indian Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Demon With
---

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# Indian Fairy Tales, Demon With Matted Hair " 196, part 24, sentence 34

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It is certain that much (perhaps one-fifth) of the popular literature of modern Europe is derived from those portions of this large bulk which came west with the Crusades through the medium of Arabs and Jews.

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**Who acts:** part, large bulk · **What happens:** be, derive, come · **To what, where:** much one fifth, portions, medium

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This is a sentence of «Indian Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Demon With Matted Hair " 196, part 24. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (part, large bulk), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7128:30:34
# text = It is certain that much (perhaps one-fifth) of the popular literature of modern Europe is derived from those portions of this large bulk which came west with the Crusades through the medium of Arabs and Jews.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
5	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
6	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	perhaps	perhaps	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
8	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	fifth	fifth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	10	punct	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	popular	popular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	literature	literature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	modern	modern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
19	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux:pass	_	_
20	derived	derive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
21	from	from	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	23	det	_	_
23	portions	portion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
25	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	27	det	_	_
26	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	bulk	bulk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	_
28	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	29	nsubj	_	_
29	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	acl:relcl	_	_
30	west	west	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
31	with	with	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	Crusades	Crusade	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	29	obl	_	_
34	through	through	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	medium	medium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	_
37	of	of	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	Arabs	Arab	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	36	nmod	_	_
39	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
40	Jews	Jew	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	38	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | part |  |  |  |  | certain *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **derive** | present · passive |  | much one fifth of the popular literature of modern Europe |  | that portions of this large bulk |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: subject=Result from portion=Material |
| 3 | **come** | past | this large bulk |  |  | the medium of Arabs and Jews |  | with the Crusades; west *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme through medium=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Indian Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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