---
title: It may be remarked that the use of the lion in this and other Jataka… — Indian Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: It may be remarked that the use of the lion in this and other Jatakas is indirectly a testimony to their great age, as the lion has become rarer and rarer in India during historic times, and is now confined to the Gir forest of Kathiáwar, where only a dozen specimens exist, and are strictly preserve
---

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# Indian Fairy Tales, I. the Lion and the Crane., sentence 22

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It may be remarked that the use of the lion in this and other Jatakas is indirectly a testimony to their great age, as the lion has become rarer and rarer in India during historic times, and is now confined to the Gir forest of Kathiáwar, where only a dozen specimens exist, and are strictly preserved.

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**Who acts:** use, lion, dozen specimens · **What happens:** remark, be, become, confine, exist, preserve · **To what, where:** form, testimony, Gir forest, lion

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This is a sentence of «Indian Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, I. the Lion and the Crane.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (use, lion, dozen specimens), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7128:32:22
# text = It may be remarked that the use of the lion in this and other Jatakas is indirectly a testimony to their great age, as the lion has become rarer and rarer in India during historic times, and is now confined to the Gir forest of Kathiáwar, where only a dozen specimens exist, and are strictly preserved.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	remarked	remark	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	use	use	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	lion	lion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	10	nmod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	Jatakas	jataka	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
17	indirectly	indirectly	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	testimony	testimony	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	advcl	_	_
20	to	to	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
22	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
25	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	29	mark	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	lion	lion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nsubj	_	_
28	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
29	become	become	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
30	rarer	rare	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	29	xcomp	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
32	rarer	rare	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	30	conj	_	_
33	in	in	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	_
35	during	during	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	historic	historic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
37	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
39	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
40	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	42	aux:pass	_	_
41	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	42	advmod	_	_
42	confined	confine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
43	to	to	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
44	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	46	det	_	_
45	Gir	Gir	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	46	compound	_	_
46	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	obl	_	_
47	of	of	ADP	IN	_	48	case	_	_
48	Kathiáwar	Kathiáwar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	46	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
49	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	55	punct	_	_
50	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	55	advmod	_	_
51	only	only	ADV	RB	_	53	advmod	_	_
52	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	53	det	_	_
53	dozen	dozen	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	54	nummod	_	_
54	specimens	specimen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	55	nsubj	_	_
55	exist	exist	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	48	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
56	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	60	punct	_	_
57	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	60	cc	_	_
58	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	60	aux:pass	_	_
59	strictly	strictly	ADV	RB	_	60	advmod	_	_
60	preserved	preserve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
61	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remark** *speech: assert* | may · passive |  | form |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic |
| 2 | **is a** | present | the use of the lion in this and other Jatakas | a testimony |  |  | to Lion's great age | indirectly *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **become** | present · perfect | the lion |  |  |  |  | rare *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **confine** | present · passive |  |  |  | the Gir forest of Kathiáwar | now |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: to forest=Destination |
| 5 | **exist** | present | dozen specimens |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **preserve** | present · passive |  |  |  |  |  | strictly *property* | vn defend-72.3 «NP V S\_ING» |
| 7 | **use** |  |  | the lion in this and other Jatakas |  |  |  |  | nom use «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Indian Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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