--- title: The verses at the end are the earliest parts of the Jataka, being in… — Indian Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics description: The verses at the end are the earliest parts of the Jataka, being in more archaic Pali than the rest: the story is told by the commentator (c. 400 A.D.) to illustrate them. Who acts: verses, commentator. A sentence of «Indian Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, I. the Lion and the Crane., with its depend --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg7128/32/23/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Indian Fairy Tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg7128/) / [I. the Lion and the Crane.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg7128/32/) / 23 # Indian Fairy Tales, I. the Lion and the Crane., sentence 23 The verses at the end are the earliest parts of the Jataka, being in more archaic Pali than the rest: the story is told by the commentator (c. 400 A.D.) to illustrate them. **Who acts:** verses, commentator · **What happens:** be, tell, illustrate · **To what, where:** earliest parts, archaic Pali, story, verses · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Indian Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, I. the Lion and the Crane.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (verses, commentator), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg7128:32:23 # text = The verses at the end are the earliest parts of the Jataka, being in more archaic Pali than the rest: the story is told by the commentator (c. 400 A.D.) to illustrate them. 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 verses verse NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 nsubj _ _ 3 at at ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 end end NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _ 6 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 cop _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 8 earliest early ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 9 amod _ _ 9 parts part NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 10 of of ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 Jataka Jataka PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 13 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 14 being be AUX VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 18 cop _ _ 15 in in ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 16 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 17 advmod _ _ 17 archaic archaic ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 18 Pali Pali PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 conj _ _ 19 than than ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 20 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 21 rest rest NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 22 : : PUNCT : _ 26 punct _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 story story NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 nsubj:pass _ _ 25 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 aux:pass _ _ 26 told tell VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 9 appos _ _ 27 by by ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 commentator commentator NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obl _ _ 30 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 31 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 31 c. c. NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 appos _ _ 32 400 400 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 31 flat _ _ 33 A.D A.D PROPN NNP Number=Sing 32 flat _ SpaceAfter=No 34 . . PUNCT . _ 31 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 35 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 31 punct _ _ 36 to to PART TO _ 37 mark _ _ 37 illustrate illustrate VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 26 ccomp _ _ 38 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 37 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 39 . . PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | the verses at the end | the earliest parts | | | | of the Jataka and archaic Pali | tree rules | | 2 | **is** | gerund | the verses at the end *not said here* | | | archaic Pali | | than the rest | tree rules | | 3 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present · passive | the commentator | the story | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent subject=Recipient clause=Topic | | 4 | **illustrate** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | | verses *= verse* | | | | | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Destination | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Indian Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg7128/32/22/) - next →: [sentence 24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg7128/32/24/) - ↑ back to [I. the Lion and the Crane.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg7128/32/)