---
title: As this must have occurred within historic times, indeed within the… — Indian Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: As this must have occurred within historic times, indeed within the last thousand years, when even European peasants are not likely to have _invented_, even if they believed, in the incident of the grateful animals, the probability is in favour of borrowing from India, possibly through the intermedi
---

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# Indian Fairy Tales, II. Princess Labam., sentence 20

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As this must have occurred within historic times, indeed within the last thousand years, when even European peasants are not likely to have \_invented\_, even if they believed, in the incident of the grateful animals, the probability is in favour of borrowing from India, possibly through the intermediation of Arabs at the time of the Crusades.

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**Who acts:** this, European peasants, peasants, probability, favour, Arabs · **What happens:** occur, not be, have, invent, believe, be · **To what, where:** \_, incident, favour, India

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This is a sentence of «Indian Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, II. Princess Labam.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (this, European peasants, peasants, probability), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7128:33:20
# text = As this must have occurred within historic times, indeed within the last thousand years, when even European peasants are not likely to have _invented_, even if they believed, in the incident of the grateful animals, the probability is in favour of borrowing from India, possibly through the intermediation of Arabs at the time of the Crusades.
1	As	as	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
2	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj	_	_
3	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	aux	_	_
5	occurred	occur	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	within	within	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	historic	historic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	indeed	indeed	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
11	within	within	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
13	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
14	thousand	thousand	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	15	nummod	_	_
15	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
17	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	23	mark	_	_
18	even	even	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
19	European	European	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	peasants	peasant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nsubj	_	_
21	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
22	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	23	advmod	_	_
23	likely	likely	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
24	to	to	PART	TO	_	25	mark	_	_
25	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	xcomp	_	_
26	_	_	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	invented	invent	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	26	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
30	even	even	ADV	RB	_	33	advmod	_	_
31	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	33	mark	_	_
32	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	33	nsubj	_	_
33	believed	believe	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
35	in	in	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	incident	incident	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obl	_	_
38	of	of	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
40	grateful	grateful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	41	amod	_	_
41	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	37	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	47	punct	_	_
43	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
44	probability	probability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	nsubj	_	_
45	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	47	cop	_	_
46	in	in	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
47	favour	favour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	nmod	_	_
48	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	49	mark	_	_
49	borrowing	borrow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	47	acl	_	_
50	from	from	ADP	IN	_	51	case	_	_
51	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	49	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
52	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	56	punct	_	_
53	possibly	possibly	ADV	RB	_	56	advmod	_	_
54	through	through	ADP	IN	_	56	case	_	_
55	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	56	det	_	_
56	intermediation	intermediation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	obl	_	_
57	of	of	ADP	IN	_	58	case	_	_
58	Arabs	Arab	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	56	nmod	_	_
59	at	at	ADP	IN	_	61	case	_	_
60	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	61	det	_	_
61	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	obl	_	_
62	of	of	ADP	IN	_	64	case	_	_
63	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	64	det	_	_
64	Crusades	Crusade	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	61	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
65	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **occur** | must · perfect | this |  |  |  | time; year | indeed *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **is** | present | European peasants |  |  |  |  | likely *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **have** | to-infinitive | European peasants *not said here* | \_ |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent \_=Patient |
| 4 | **invent** | participle |  | \_ *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **believe** *a condition, not said to happen* | past | peasants *= peasant* |  |  | the incident of the grateful animals |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 6 | **is** | present | the probability |  |  | favour |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **borrow** | gerund | favour *not said here* |  |  | India | time | through the intermediation of Arabs | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from india=Source |
| 8 | **intermediate** |  | Arabs |  |  |  |  |  | nom intermediation «act intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Indian Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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