---
title: The third is that current among Western Europeans, which has spread… — Indian Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: The third is that current among Western Europeans, which has spread to S. Africa and N. and S. America: also three judges. Who acts: third. A sentence of «Indian Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, IX. the Tiger, the Brahman, and the Jackal., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Indian Fairy Tales, IX. the Tiger, the Brahman, and the Jackal., sentence 19

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The third is that current among Western Europeans, which has spread to S. Africa and N. and S. America: also three judges.

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**Who acts:** third · **What happens:** be, spread · **To what, where:** current, S. Africa

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This is a sentence of «Indian Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, IX. the Tiger, the Brahman, and the Jackal.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (third), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7128:40:19
# text = The third is that current among Western Europeans, which has spread to S. Africa and N. and S. America: also three judges.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	third	third	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
5	current	current	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	among	among	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	Western	western	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	Europeans	European	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	spread	spread	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	S.	S.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	N	N	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	S.	S.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
23	also	also	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
24	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	25	nummod	_	_
25	judges	judge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the third | that current and three judges |  |  |  | among Western Europeans | tree rules |
| 2 | **spread** | present · perfect · passive |  | that current and three judges | S. Africa and N and S. America |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Indian Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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