---
title: The preceding number showed one of his fables existing among the Jat… — Indian Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: The preceding number showed one of his fables existing among the Jatakas, probably before the Christian era. Who acts: preceding number, fables. A sentence of «Indian Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, XXI. the Farmer and the Money-lender., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Indian Fairy Tales, XXI. the Farmer and the Money-lender., sentence 12

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The preceding number showed one of his fables existing among the Jatakas, probably before the Christian era.

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**Who acts:** preceding number, fables · **What happens:** precede, show, exist · **To what, where:** one, Jatakas

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This is a sentence of «Indian Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, XXI. the Farmer and the Money-lender.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (preceding number, fables), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7128:52:12
# text = The preceding number showed one of his fables existing among the Jatakas, probably before the Christian era.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	preceding	precede	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	amod	_	_
3	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	fables	fable	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	existing	exist	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	_
10	among	among	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	Jatakas	jataka	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	probably	probably	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
15	before	before	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	Christian	Christian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	era	era	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **precede** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **show** | past | the preceding number | one of number's fables |  |  | before the Christian era |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent one=Recipient |
| 3 | **exist** | gerund | number's fables *not said here* |  |  | the Jatakas |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme among jataka=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Indian Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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