---
title: I have already pointed out in _Folk-Lore_, p. 403, that the existenc… — Indian Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: I have already pointed out in _Folk-Lore_, p. 403, that the existence of the tale in Kashmir without any reference to the mallet makes it impossible for the rhymes on the mallet to be the source of the story. Who acts: I, existence, tale. A sentence of «Indian Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, XXVIII. 
---

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# Indian Fairy Tales, XXVIII. How Wicked Sons Were Duped., sentence 16

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I have already pointed out in \_Folk-Lore\_, p. 403, that the existence of the tale in Kashmir without any reference to the mallet makes it impossible for the rhymes on the mallet to be the source of the story.

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**Who acts:** I, existence, tale · **What happens:** point out, make, be, exist · **To what, where:** mallet, source

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This is a sentence of «Indian Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, XXVIII. How Wicked Sons Were Duped.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, existence, tale), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7128:59:16
# text = I have already pointed out in _Folk-Lore_, p. 403, that the existence of the tale in Kashmir without any reference to the mallet makes it impossible for the rhymes on the mallet to be the source of the story.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	already	already	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	pointed	point	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	out	out	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	Folk	folk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	Lore	Lore	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	p.	P.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
14	403	403	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	13	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
16	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	30	mark	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	existence	existence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nsubj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	tale	tale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	Kashmir	Kashmir	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
24	without	without	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	26	det	_	_
26	reference	reference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
27	to	to	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	mallet	mallet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	_
30	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
31	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	obj	_	_
32	impossible	impossible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	xcomp	_	_
33	for	for	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	rhymes	rhyme	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	obl	_	_
36	on	on	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	mallet	mallet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	nmod	_	_
39	to	to	PART	TO	_	42	mark	_	_
40	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	42	cop	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
42	source	source	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	nmod	_	_
43	of	of	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
44	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
45	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **point out** | present · perfect | I |  |  |  |  | in Folk Lore and p. | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in lore=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | present | the existence of the tale in Kashmir without any reference to the mallet | mallet |  |  |  | impossible *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |
| 3 | **is a** | to-infinitive |  | the source |  |  |  | of the story | tree rules |
| 4 | **exist** |  | the tale in Kashmir |  |  |  |  | without any reference to the mallet | nom existence «state intransitive»: of=agent without=obl |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Indian Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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