---
title: _--We began with an animal Jataka, and may appropriately finish with… — Indian Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: _--We began with an animal Jataka, and may appropriately finish with one which shows how effectively the writers of the Jatakas could represent animal folk, and how terribly moral they invariably were in their tales. Who acts: We, writers. A sentence of «Indian Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, XXIX. t
---

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# Indian Fairy Tales, XXIX. the Pigeon and the Crow., sentence 4

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
\_--We began with an animal Jataka, and may appropriately finish with one which shows how effectively the writers of the Jatakas could represent animal folk, and how terribly moral they invariably were in their tales.

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**Who acts:** We, writers · **What happens:** begin, finish, show, represent, be · **To what, where:** one, animal folk, tales · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Indian Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, XXIX. the Pigeon and the Crow.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (We, writers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7128:60:4
# text = _--We began with an animal Jataka, and may appropriately finish with one which shows how effectively the writers of the Jatakas could represent animal folk, and how terribly moral they invariably were in their tales.
1	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	Jataka	Jataka	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
12	appropriately	appropriately	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	finish	finish	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	obj	_	_
16	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj	_	_
17	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	acl:relcl	_	_
18	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	19	advmod	_	_
19	effectively	effectively	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	writers	writer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nsubj	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	Jatakas	jataka	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nmod	_	_
25	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
26	represent	represent	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	ccomp	_	_
27	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	compound	_	_
28	folk	folk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
31	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	32	advmod	_	_
32	terribly	terribly	ADV	RB	_	33	advmod	_	_
33	moral	moral	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	parataxis	_	_
34	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	39	nsubj	_	_
35	invariably	invariably	ADV	RB	_	39	advmod	_	_
36	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	39	cop	_	_
37	in	in	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	39	nmod:poss	_	_
39	tales	tale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | We |  |  |  |  | with a animal | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V PP.subeventuality»: agent=Eventuality with animal=Subeventuality |
| 2 | **finish** | may | We *not said here* | one |  |  |  | appropriately *property* | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality one=Eventuality |
| 3 | **show** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **represent** | could | the writers of the Jatakas | animal folk |  |  |  | effectively *property* | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot folk=Theme |
| 5 | **is** | past | writers *= writer* |  |  | writers's tales |  | invariably *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Indian Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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