---
title: It has been found that a knowledge of the traditionary tales of a pe… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: It has been found that a knowledge of the traditionary tales of a people is a key to their ideas and a standard of their powers of thought. Who acts: knowledge, people. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Opening, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Opening, sentence 12

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It has been found that a knowledge of the traditionary tales of a people is a key to their ideas and a standard of their powers of thought.

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**Who acts:** knowledge, people · **What happens:** find, be, tell · **To what, where:** deal, key · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (knowledge, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:1:12
# text = It has been found that a knowledge of the traditionary tales of a people is a key to their ideas and a standard of their powers of thought.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	traditionary	traditionary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	tales	tale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	key	key	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	ccomp	_	_
18	to	to	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	ideas	idea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	standard	standard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	powers	power	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nmod	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	thought	thought	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | present · perfect · passive |  | deal |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a knowledge of the traditionary tales of a people | a key |  |  |  | to PEOPLE's ideas and a standard of ideas's powers of thought | tree rules |
| 3 | **tell** |  | a people |  |  |  |  |  | nom tale «communication intransitive»: of=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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