---
title: They form only a small portion of the folklore that is extant among… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: They form only a small portion of the folklore that is extant among them, but it is believed that they have been so selected as to leave no distinguishing feature unrepresented. Who acts: PEOPLE, folklore. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Opening, with its dependency tree and
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Opening, sentence 19

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They form only a small portion of the folklore that is extant among them, but it is believed that they have been so selected as to leave no distinguishing feature unrepresented.

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**Who acts:** PEOPLE, folklore · **What happens:** form, be, believe, select, leave, unrepresent · **To what, where:** small portion, portion, PEOPLE, distinguishing feature

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (PEOPLE, folklore), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:1:19
# text = They form only a small portion of the folklore that is extant among them, but it is believed that they have been so selected as to leave no distinguishing feature unrepresented.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	form	form	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	only	only	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	portion	portion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	folklore	folklore	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	extant	extant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	acl:relcl	_	_
13	among	among	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
17	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux:pass	_	_
19	believed	believe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	parataxis	_	_
20	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
21	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
22	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
23	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	25	aux:pass	_	_
24	so	so	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
25	selected	select	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	ccomp	_	_
26	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
27	to	to	PART	TO	_	28	mark	_	_
28	leave	leave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	advcl	_	_
29	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	31	det	_	_
30	distinguishing	distinguishing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	feature	feature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obj	_	_
32	unrepresented	unrepresent	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	31	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **form** | present | PEOPLE | a small portion of the folklore |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location portion=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | the folklore |  |  |  |  | among PEOPLE; extant *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **believe** | present · passive |  | portion |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **select** | present · perfect · passive |  | PEOPLE |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 5 | **leave** | to-infinitive |  | no distinguishing feature |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feature=Theme |
| 6 | **unrepresent** | participle |  | no distinguishing feature *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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