---
title: Hence it may easily happen that persons may mix much with Kaffirs wi… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: Hence it may easily happen that persons may mix much with Kaffirs without even suspecting that they have in their possession a rich fund of legendary lore. Who acts: it, persons. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Opening, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cl
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Opening, sentence 23

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Hence it may easily happen that persons may mix much with Kaffirs without even suspecting that they have in their possession a rich fund of legendary lore.

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**Who acts:** it, persons · **What happens:** happen, mix, suspect, have, possess, fund · **To what, where:** rich fund, possession, legendary lore

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (it, persons), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:1:23
# text = Hence it may easily happen that persons may mix much with Kaffirs without even suspecting that they have in their possession a rich fund of legendary lore.
1	Hence	hence	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
3	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	easily	easily	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	happen	happen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	persons	person	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
8	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	mix	mix	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
10	much	much	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Kaffirs	kaffir	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
13	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
14	even	even	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	suspecting	suspect	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	_
16	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
17	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	advcl	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	possession	possession	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	rich	rich	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	fund	fund	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	legendary	legendary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	lore	lore	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | may | it |  |  |  |  | easily, hence *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **mix** | may | persons |  |  |  |  | with Kaffirs | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent with kaffir=Co-Patient |
| 3 | **suspect** | gerund | persons *not said here* | a rich fund of legendary lore |  | persons's possession |  |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent fund=Attribute |
| 4 | **have** | present | persons *= person* |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **possess** |  | persons *= person* |  |  |  |  |  | nom possession «act transitive»: poss=agent |
| 6 | **fund** |  |  | legendary lore |  |  |  |  | nom fund «possession transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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