---
title: It will surprise no one to learn that these tales are already underg… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: It will surprise no one to learn that these tales are already undergoing great changes among a very large section of the natives on the border. Who acts: variety, tales. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Opening, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Opening, sentence 30

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It will surprise no one to learn that these tales are already undergoing great changes among a very large section of the natives on the border.

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**Who acts:** variety, tales · **What happens:** surprise, learn, undergo, section · **To what, where:** one, great changes, natives

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (variety, tales), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:1:30
# text = It will surprise no one to learn that these tales are already undergoing great changes among a very large section of the natives on the border.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	surprise	surprise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
5	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	learn	learn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
9	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	10	det	_	_
10	tales	tale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
11	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
12	already	already	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	undergoing	undergo	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
14	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	changes	change	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	_
16	among	among	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
18	very	very	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	section	section	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	natives	native	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nmod	_	_
24	on	on	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	border	border	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **surprise** | future | variety | no one |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus one=Experiencer |
| 2 | **learn** | to-infinitive | variety *not said here* | no one *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **undergo** | present · progressive | this tales | great changes |  |  |  | among a large section of the natives on the border | tree rules |
| 4 | **section** |  |  | the natives on the border |  |  |  |  | nom section «communication transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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