---
title: Thus with them Satan—of whom they had no conception before the adven… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: Thus with them Satan—of whom they had no conception before the advent of Europeans—is now the prompter to evil, and morals are drawn that never could have entered their heads in days of old. Who acts: changes, prompter. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Opening, with its depen
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Opening, sentence 32

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Thus with them Satan—of whom they had no conception before the advent of Europeans—is now the prompter to evil, and morals are drawn that never could have entered their heads in days of old.

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**Who acts:** changes, prompter · **What happens:** have, be, draw, not enter · **To what, where:** conception, prompter, morals, heads

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (changes, prompter), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:1:32
# text = Thus with them Satan—of whom they had no conception before the advent of Europeans—is now the prompter to evil, and morals are drawn that never could have entered their heads in days of old.
1	Thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	0	root	_	_
2	with	with	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	Satan	Satan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	1	parataxis	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	11	det	_	_
11	conception	conception	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	before	before	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	advent	advent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Europeans	European	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
19	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	21	advmod	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	prompter	prompter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	_
22	to	to	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	evil	evil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
26	morals	moral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	nsubj:pass	_	_
27	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	aux:pass	_	_
28	drawn	draw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	21	acl	_	_
29	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	33	mark	_	_
30	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	33	advmod	_	_
31	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	33	aux	_	_
32	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	33	aux	_	_
33	entered	enter	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	28	advcl	_	_
34	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	35	nmod:poss	_	_
35	heads	head	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	obj	_	_
36	in	in	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	obl	_	_
38	of	of	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
39	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | changes *= change* | no conception |  |  | before the advent of Europeans |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent conception=Patient |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | the prompter |  |  | now | to evil | tree rules |
| 3 | **draw** | present · passive | the prompter *not said here* | morals |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 4 | **not** **enter** | could · perfect | the prompter *not said here* | changes's heads |  |  | day |  | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme head=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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