---
title: It is necessary to say a few words concerning the care that has been… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: It is necessary to say a few words concerning the care that has been taken to give absolutely not a single sentence in any of these tales that has not come from native sources. Who acts: few words, tales. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Opening, with its dependency tree and 
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Opening, sentence 34

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It is necessary to say a few words concerning the care that has been taken to give absolutely not a single sentence in any of these tales that has not come from native sources.

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**Who acts:** few words, tales · **What happens:** be, say, concern, take, give, not come · **To what, where:** few words, care, single sentence, any, native sources · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (few words, tales), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:1:34
# text = It is necessary to say a few words concerning the care that has been taken to give absolutely not a single sentence in any of these tales that has not come from native sources.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	expl	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	necessary	necessary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	care	care	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
14	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl:relcl	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	xcomp	_	_
18	absolutely	absolutely	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
19	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	22	advmod	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	sentence	sentence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	22	nmod	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	27	det	_	_
27	tales	tale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nmod	_	_
28	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	31	nsubj	_	_
29	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	31	aux	_	_
30	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	31	advmod	_	_
31	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	27	acl:relcl	_	_
32	from	from	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	native	native	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	sources	source	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | necessary *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive |  | a few words |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent word=Topic |
| 3 | **concern** | gerund | a few words *not said here* | the care |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus care=Experiencer |
| 4 | **take** | present · perfect · passive |  | the care |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: subject=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 5 | **give** | to-infinitive |  | a single sentence |  | any of this tales |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sentence=Theme |
| 6 | **not** **come** | present · perfect | this tales |  |  | native sources |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from source=Initial\_Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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