---
title: The book is now issued, in the hope that it may be found useful, as… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: The book is now issued, in the hope that it may be found useful, as throwing light upon the mode of life of a people who differ from ourselves in many respects besides degree of civilization. Who acts: hope, people. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Opening, with its dependenc
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Opening, sentence 43

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The book is now issued, in the hope that it may be found useful, as throwing light upon the mode of life of a people who differ from ourselves in many respects besides degree of civilization.

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**Who acts:** hope, people · **What happens:** issue, find, throw, differ · **To what, where:** book, hope, light, mode, many respects

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hope, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:1:43
# text = The book is now issued, in the hope that it may be found useful, as throwing light upon the mode of life of a people who differ from ourselves in many respects besides degree of civilization.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	_
5	issued	issue	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	hope	hope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
13	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl:relcl	_	_
15	useful	useful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
18	throwing	throw	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
19	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
20	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	mode	mode	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nmod	_	_
28	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	29	nsubj	_	_
29	differ	differ	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	acl:relcl	_	_
30	from	from	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	ourselves	ourselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	29	obl	_	_
32	in	in	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	respects	respects	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	obl	_	_
35	besides	besides	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	degree	degree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	_
37	of	of	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	civilization	civilization	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **issue** | present · passive |  | the book |  | the hope | now |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **find** | may · passive | the hope *not said here* | book |  |  |  | useful *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
| 3 | **throw** | gerund |  | light |  | the mode of life of a people |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent light=Theme upon mode=Destination |
| 4 | **differ** | present | a people |  |  | many respects |  | from ourselves; besides degree of civilization | vn differ-23.4 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme from ourselves=Co-Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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