--- title: PAGE Introductory Chapter regarding the Kaffirs 1 The Story of the B… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics description: PAGE Introductory Chapter regarding the Kaffirs 1 The Story of the Bird that made Milk 29 The Story of Five Heads 48 The Story of Tangalimlibo 56 The Story of a Girl who disregarded the Custom of Ntonjane 67 The Story of Simbukumbukwana 72 The Story of Sikulume 78 The Story of Hlakanyana 89 The Stor --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/1/48/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Kaffir folk-lore](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/) / [Opening](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/1/) / 48 # Kaffir folk-lore, Opening, sentence 48 PAGE Introductory Chapter regarding the Kaffirs 1 The Story of the Bird that made Milk 29 The Story of Five Heads 48 The Story of Tangalimlibo 56 The Story of a Girl who disregarded the Custom of Ntonjane 67 The Story of Simbukumbukwana 72 The Story of Sikulume 78 The Story of Hlakanyana 89 The Story of Demane and Demazana 118 The Story of the Runaway Children; or, the Wonderful Feather 122 The Story of Ironside and his Sister 127 The Story of the Cannibal’s Wonderful Bird 133 The Story of the Cannibal Mother and her Children 137 The Story of the Girl and the Mbulu 144 The Story of Mbulukazi 148 The Story of Long Snake 155 The Story of Kenkebe 158 The Story of the Wonderful Horns 169 The Story of the Glutton 172 The Story of the Great Chief of the Animals 176 The Story of the Hare 179 The Story of Lion and Little Jackal 186 Proverbs and Figurative Expressions 191 Notes 207 **Who acts:** Bird, Girl · **What happens:** regard, make, disregard · **To what, where:** Story, Milk, Custom This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bird, Girl), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg71335:1:48 # text = PAGE Introductory Chapter regarding the Kaffirs 1 The Story of the Bird that made Milk 29 The Story of Five Heads 48 The Story of Tangalimlibo 56 The Story of a Girl who disregarded the Custom of Ntonjane 67 The Story of Simbukumbukwana 72 The Story of Sikulume 78 The Story of Hlakanyana 89 The Story of Demane and Demazana 118 The Story of the Runaway Children; or, the Wonderful Feather 122 The Story of Ironside and his Sister 127 The Story of the Cannibal’s Wonderful Bird 133 The Story of the Cannibal Mother and her Children 137 The Story of the Girl and the Mbulu 144 The Story of Mbulukazi 148 The Story of Long Snake 155 The Story of Kenkebe 158 The Story of the Wonderful Horns 169 The Story of the Glutton 172 The Story of the Great Chief of the Animals 176 The Story of the Hare 179 The Story of Lion and Little Jackal 186 Proverbs and Figurative Expressions 191 Notes 207 1 PAGE page NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 compound _ _ 2 Introductory Introductory PROPN NNP Number=Sing 1 appos _ _ 3 Chapter Chapter PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 flat _ _ 4 regarding regard VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 6 case _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 Kaffirs kaffir NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 7 1 1 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 6 flat _ _ 8 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 Story Story PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 appos _ _ 10 of of ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 Bird bird NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nmod _ _ 13 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 14 nsubj _ _ 14 made make VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 acl:relcl _ _ 15 Milk Milk PROPN NNP Number=Sing 14 obj _ _ 16 29 29 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 15 flat _ _ 17 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 Story Story PROPN NNP Number=Sing 14 obj _ _ 19 of of ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 20 Five five NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 21 nummod _ _ 21 Heads head NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 parataxis _ _ 22 48 48 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 21 list _ _ 23 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 Story Story PROPN NNP Number=Sing 22 nmod:unmarked _ _ 25 of of ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 26 Tangalimlibo Tangalimlibo PROPN NNP Number=Sing 24 nmod _ _ 27 56 56 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 26 flat _ _ 28 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 Story Story PROPN NNP Number=Sing 26 appos _ _ 30 of of ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 31 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 Girl girl NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 nmod _ _ 33 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 34 nsubj _ _ 34 disregarded disregard VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 32 acl:relcl _ _ 35 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 36 Custom custom NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 obj _ _ 37 of of ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 38 Ntonjane Ntonjane PROPN NNP Number=Sing 36 nmod _ _ 39 67 67 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 38 flat _ _ 40 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 41 det _ _ 41 Story Story PROPN NNP Number=Sing 38 appos _ _ 42 of of ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 43 Simbukumbukwana Simbukumbukwana PROPN NNP Number=Sing 41 nmod _ _ 44 72 72 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 43 flat _ _ 45 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 46 det _ _ 46 Story Story PROPN NNP Number=Sing 34 obj _ _ 47 of of ADP IN _ 48 case _ _ 48 Sikulume Sikulume PROPN NNP Number=Sing 46 nmod _ _ 49 78 78 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 46 flat _ _ 50 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 51 det _ _ 51 Story Story PROPN NNP Number=Sing 34 obj _ _ 52 of of ADP IN _ 53 case _ _ 53 Hlakanyana Hlakanyana PROPN NNP Number=Sing 51 nmod _ _ 54 89 89 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 51 appos _ _ 55 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 56 det _ _ 56 Story Story PROPN NNP Number=Sing 54 nmod:unmarked _ _ 57 of of ADP IN _ 58 case _ _ 58 Demane Demane PROPN NNP Number=Sing 56 nmod _ _ 59 and and CCONJ CC _ 60 cc _ _ 60 Demazana Demazana PROPN NNP Number=Sing 58 conj _ _ 61 118 118 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 60 flat _ _ 62 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 63 det _ _ 63 Story Story PROPN NNP Number=Sing 56 appos _ _ 64 of of ADP IN _ 67 case _ _ 65 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 67 det _ _ 66 Runaway Runaway PROPN NNP Number=Sing 67 compound _ _ 67 Children child NOUN NNS Number=Plur 63 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 68 ; ; PUNCT : _ 73 punct _ _ 69 or or CCONJ CC _ 73 cc _ SpaceAfter=No 70 , , PUNCT , _ 69 punct _ _ 71 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 73 det _ _ 72 Wonderful wonderful ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 73 amod _ _ 73 Feather feather NOUN NN Number=Sing 67 nmod _ _ 74 122 122 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 73 flat _ _ 75 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 76 det _ _ 76 Story Story PROPN NNP Number=Sing 73 appos _ _ 77 of of ADP IN _ 78 case _ _ 78 Ironside Ironside PROPN NNP Number=Sing 76 nmod _ _ 79 and and CCONJ CC _ 81 cc _ _ 80 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 81 nmod:poss _ _ 81 Sister sister NOUN NN Number=Sing 76 conj _ _ 82 127 127 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 81 flat _ _ 83 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 84 det _ _ 84 Story Story PROPN NNP Number=Sing 76 conj _ _ 85 of of ADP IN _ 90 case _ _ 86 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 87 det _ _ 87 Cannibal Cannibal PROPN NNP Number=Sing 90 nmod:poss _ SpaceAfter=No 88 ’s 's PART POS _ 87 case _ _ 89 Wonderful wonderful ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 90 amod _ _ 90 Bird bird NOUN NN Number=Sing 84 nmod _ _ 91 133 133 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 90 flat _ _ 92 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 93 det _ _ 93 Story Story PROPN NNP Number=Sing 90 appos _ _ 94 of of ADP IN _ 97 case _ _ 95 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 97 det _ _ 96 Cannibal Cannibal PROPN NNP Number=Sing 97 compound _ _ 97 Mother mother NOUN NN Number=Sing 93 nmod _ _ 98 and and CCONJ CC _ 100 cc _ _ 99 her her PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 100 nmod:poss _ _ 100 Children child NOUN NNS Number=Plur 97 conj _ _ 101 137 137 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 100 flat _ _ 102 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 103 det _ _ 103 Story Story PROPN NNP Number=Sing 100 nmod _ _ 104 of of ADP IN _ 106 case _ _ 105 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 106 det _ _ 106 Girl Girl PROPN NNP Number=Sing 103 nmod _ _ 107 and and CCONJ CC _ 109 cc _ _ 108 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 109 det _ _ 109 Mbulu Mbulu PROPN NNP Number=Sing 103 conj _ _ 110 144 144 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 109 flat _ _ 111 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 112 det _ _ 112 Story Story PROPN NNP Number=Sing 109 flat _ _ 113 of of ADP IN _ 114 case _ _ 114 Mbulukazi Mbulukazi PROPN NNP Number=Sing 112 nmod _ _ 115 148 148 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 109 list _ _ 116 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 117 det _ _ 117 Story Story PROPN NNP Number=Sing 109 appos _ _ 118 of of ADP IN _ 120 case _ _ 119 Long Long ADJ NNP Degree=Pos 120 amod _ _ 120 Snake Snake PROPN NNP Number=Sing 117 nmod _ _ 121 155 155 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 103 list _ _ 122 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 123 det _ _ 123 Story Story PROPN NNP Number=Sing 103 parataxis _ _ 124 of of ADP IN _ 125 case _ _ 125 Kenkebe Kenkebe PROPN NNP Number=Sing 123 nmod _ _ 126 158 158 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 125 flat _ _ 127 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 128 det _ _ 128 Story Story PROPN NNP Number=Sing 123 appos _ _ 129 of of ADP IN _ 132 case _ _ 130 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 132 det _ _ 131 Wonderful wonderful ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 132 amod _ _ 132 Horns Horn PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 128 nmod _ _ 133 169 169 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 132 flat _ _ 134 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 135 det _ _ 135 Story Story PROPN NNP Number=Sing 132 appos _ _ 136 of of ADP IN _ 138 case _ _ 137 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 138 det _ _ 138 Glutton Glutton PROPN NNP Number=Sing 135 nmod _ _ 139 172 172 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 138 flat _ _ 140 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 141 det _ _ 141 Story Story PROPN NNP Number=Sing 138 flat _ _ 142 of of ADP IN _ 145 case _ _ 143 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 145 det _ _ 144 Great great ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 145 amod _ _ 145 Chief Chief PROPN NNP Number=Sing 141 nmod _ _ 146 of of ADP IN _ 148 case _ _ 147 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 148 det _ _ 148 Animals animal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 145 nmod _ _ 149 176 176 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 148 flat _ _ 150 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 151 det _ _ 151 Story Story PROPN NNP Number=Sing 148 nmod _ _ 152 of of ADP IN _ 154 case _ _ 153 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 154 det _ _ 154 Hare Hare PROPN NNP Number=Sing 151 nmod _ _ 155 179 179 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 154 flat _ _ 156 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 157 det _ _ 157 Story Story PROPN NNP Number=Sing 154 conj _ _ 158 of of ADP IN _ 159 case _ _ 159 Lion Lion PROPN NNP Number=Sing 157 nmod _ _ 160 and and CCONJ CC _ 162 cc _ _ 161 Little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 162 amod _ _ 162 Jackal Jackal PROPN NNP Number=Sing 151 conj _ _ 163 186 186 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 162 flat _ _ 164 Proverbs Proverb PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 162 flat _ _ 165 and and CCONJ CC _ 167 cc _ _ 166 Figurative figurative ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 167 amod _ _ 167 Expressions expression NOUN NNS Number=Plur 151 conj _ _ 168 191 191 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 169 nummod _ _ 169 Notes Note PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 167 nmod _ _ 170 207 207 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 169 flat _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **regard** | gerund | | | | | | PAGE *compound* | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **make** | past | the Bird | the Story of Five Heads | Milk | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset milk=Beneficiary story=Product | | 3 | **disregard** | past | a Girl | the Custom of Ntonjane | | | | the Story of Sikulume *obj* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 47](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/1/47/) - next →: [Introductory Chapter Regardi…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/1/) - ↑ back to [Opening](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/1/)