---
title: The old woman replied: “Yes, my grandchild; if you could make me you… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: The old woman replied: “Yes, my grandchild; if you could make me young, I would be very glad.” Who acts: old woman, you. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Hlakanyana., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Hlakanyana., sentence 147

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The old woman replied: “Yes, my grandchild; if you could make me young, I would be very glad.”

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**Who acts:** old woman, you · **What happens:** reply, make, be · **To what, where:** grandchild, old woman · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Hlakanyana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (old woman, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:10:147
# text = The old woman replied: “Yes, my grandchild; if you could make me young, I would be very glad.”
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	replied	reply	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
6	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	10	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	grandchild	grandchild	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
12	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
13	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	parataxis	_	_
16	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	_
17	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
19	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
20	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
21	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	cop	_	_
22	very	very	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	glad	glad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reply** *speech: assert* | past | the old woman | my grandchild |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **make** *a condition, not said to happen, in a quote* | could | you | the old woman *= woman* |  |  |  | young *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Product |
| 3 | **is** *in a quote* | would | the old woman *= woman* |  |  |  |  | glad *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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