---
title: Hlakanyana said in himself: “I shall be discovered; it is time for m… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: Hlakanyana said in himself: “I shall be discovered; it is time for me to flee.” Who acts: Hlakanyana, evil. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Hlakanyana., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Hlakanyana., sentence 173

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Hlakanyana said in himself: “I shall be discovered; it is time for me to flee.”

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**Who acts:** Hlakanyana, evil · **What happens:** say, discover, be, flee · **To what, where:** Hlakanyana, time · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Hlakanyana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hlakanyana, evil), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:10:173
# text = Hlakanyana said in himself: “I shall be discovered; it is time for me to flee.”
1	Hlakanyana	Hlakanyana	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
6	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
8	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	discovered	discover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
14	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	14	nmod	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	flee	flee	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Hlakanyana |  |  |  |  | in Hlakanyana | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent in himself=Manner |
| 2 | **discover** *in a quote* | shall · passive |  | Hlakanyana |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
| 3 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | evil | time |  |  |  | for Hlakanyana | tree rules |
| 4 | **flee** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | Hlakanyana *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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