---
title: Hlakanyana met a boy tending some goats. — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: Hlakanyana met a boy tending some goats. Who acts: Hlakanyana, boy. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Hlakanyana., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/10/189/)

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# Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Hlakanyana., sentence 189

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Hlakanyana met a boy tending some goats.

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**Who acts:** Hlakanyana, boy · **What happens:** meet, tend · **To what, where:** boy, goats

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Hlakanyana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hlakanyana, boy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:10:189
# text = Hlakanyana met a boy tending some goats.
1	Hlakanyana	Hlakanyana	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	met	meet	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	tending	tend	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
6	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	7	det	_	_
7	goats	goat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **meet** | past | Hlakanyana | a boy |  |  |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent boy=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **tend** | gerund | a boy *not said here* | some goats |  |  |  |  | vn caring-75.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent goat=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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