--- title: Hlakanyana said: “You have broken my pot, the pot that I received fr… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics description: Hlakanyana said: “You have broken my pot, the pot that I received from the people who make pots, the people who broke my digging-stick, the digging-stick that I received from my companion, my companion who ate my birds and left me with the heads.” Who acts: Hlakanyana, You, people, companion. A sent --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/10/221/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Kaffir folk-lore](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/) / [The Story of Hlakanyana.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/10/) / 221 # Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Hlakanyana., sentence 221 Hlakanyana said: “You have broken my pot, the pot that I received from the people who make pots, the people who broke my digging-stick, the digging-stick that I received from my companion, my companion who ate my birds and left me with the heads.” **Who acts:** Hlakanyana, You, people, companion · **What happens:** say, break, receive, make, eat, leave · **To what, where:** pot, pots, digging stick, companion, birds, Hlakanyana · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Hlakanyana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hlakanyana, You, people, companion), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg71335:10:221 # text = Hlakanyana said: “You have broken my pot, the pot that I received from the people who make pots, the people who broke my digging-stick, the digging-stick that I received from my companion, my companion who ate my birds and left me with the heads.” 1 Hlakanyana Hlakanyana PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 3 : : PUNCT : _ 7 punct _ _ 4 “ " PUNCT `` _ 7 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 5 You you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 7 nsubj _ _ 6 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 aux _ _ 7 broken break VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 2 ccomp _ _ 8 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ _ 9 pot pot NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 10 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 pot pot NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 conj _ _ 13 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 15 obj _ _ 14 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 15 nsubj _ _ 15 received receive VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 acl:relcl _ _ 16 from from ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 obl _ _ 19 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 20 nsubj _ _ 20 make make VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 acl:relcl _ _ 21 pots pot NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 22 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 conj _ _ 25 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 26 nsubj _ _ 26 broke break VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 24 acl:relcl _ _ 27 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 30 nmod:poss _ _ 28 digging digging NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 29 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 28 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 30 stick stick NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 31 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 32 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 33 digging digging NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 34 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 33 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 35 stick stick NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 conj _ _ 36 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 38 obj _ _ 37 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 38 nsubj _ _ 38 received receive VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 35 acl:relcl _ _ 39 from from ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 40 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 41 nmod:poss _ _ 41 companion companion NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 42 , , PUNCT , _ 44 punct _ _ 43 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 44 nmod:poss _ _ 44 companion companion NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 conj _ _ 45 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 46 nsubj _ _ 46 ate eat VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 44 acl:relcl _ _ 47 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 48 nmod:poss _ _ 48 birds bird NOUN NNS Number=Plur 46 obj _ _ 49 and and CCONJ CC _ 50 cc _ _ 50 left leave VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ _ 51 me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 50 iobj _ _ 52 with with ADP IN _ 54 case _ _ 53 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 54 det _ _ 54 heads head NOUN NNS Number=Plur 50 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 55 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 56 ” " PUNCT '' _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Hlakanyana | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **break** *in a quote* | present · perfect | You | my pot and the pot and my companion | | | | | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer pot=Patient | | 3 | **receive** *in a quote* | past | Hlakanyana | the pot | | | | from the people | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent that=Theme from people=Source | | 4 | **make** *in a quote* | present | the people | pots and the people | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pot=Product | | 5 | **break** *in a quote* | past | the people | my digging stick and the digging stick | | | | | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer stick=Patient | | 6 | **receive** *in a quote* | past | Hlakanyana | the digging stick | | my companion | | | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent that=Theme from companion=Source | | 7 | **eat** *in a quote* | past | my companion | my birds | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bird=Patient | | 8 | **leave** *in a quote* | past | You *not said here* | | Hlakanyana | | | with the heads | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP.theme»: agent=Agent i=Recipient with head=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 220](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/10/220/) - next →: [sentence 222](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/10/222/) - ↑ back to [The Story of Hlakanyana.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/10/)