--- title: They came to a certain place, and Hlakanyana said: “This is the plac… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics description: They came to a certain place, and Hlakanyana said: “This is the place for throwing away izilanda” (awls used to make holes in skins when they are sewed together, and also for taking thorns out of the bare feet and legs of pedestrians). Who acts: knives, Hlakanyana, This, place. A sentence of «Kaffir --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/10/255/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Kaffir folk-lore](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/) / [The Story of Hlakanyana.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/10/) / 255 # Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Hlakanyana., sentence 255 They came to a certain place, and Hlakanyana said: “This is the place for throwing away izilanda” (awls used to make holes in skins when they are sewed together, and also for taking thorns out of the bare feet and legs of pedestrians). **Who acts:** knives, Hlakanyana, This, place · **What happens:** come, say, be, throw away, use, make · **To what, where:** certain place, place, izilanda, awls, holes, skins · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Hlakanyana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (knives, Hlakanyana, This, place), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg71335:10:255 # text = They came to a certain place, and Hlakanyana said: “This is the place for throwing away izilanda” (awls used to make holes in skins when they are sewed together, and also for taking thorns out of the bare feet and legs of pedestrians). 1 They they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 to to ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 certain certain ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 place place NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 7 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 9 Hlakanyana Hlakanyana PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ _ 10 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No 11 : : PUNCT : _ 16 punct _ _ 12 “ " PUNCT `` _ 16 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 13 This this PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 16 nsubj _ _ 14 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 cop _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 place place NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 ccomp _ _ 17 for for SCONJ IN _ 18 mark _ _ 18 throwing throw VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 16 acl _ _ 19 away away ADV RB _ 18 advmod _ _ 20 izilanda izilanda NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 21 ” " PUNCT '' _ 16 punct _ _ 22 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 23 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 23 awls awl NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 conj _ _ 24 used use VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 23 acl _ _ 25 to to PART TO _ 26 mark _ _ 26 make make VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 24 advcl _ _ 27 holes hole NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 obj _ _ 28 in in ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 29 skins skin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 obl _ _ 30 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 33 advmod _ _ 31 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 33 nsubj _ _ 32 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 33 aux:pass _ _ 33 sewed sew VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 26 advcl _ _ 34 together together ADV RB _ 33 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 35 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 36 and and CCONJ CC _ 39 cc _ _ 37 also also ADV RB _ 39 advmod _ _ 38 for for SCONJ IN _ 39 mark _ _ 39 taking take VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 2 advcl _ _ 40 thorns thorn NOUN NNS Number=Plur 39 obj _ _ 41 out out ADP IN _ 45 case _ _ 42 of of ADP IN _ 45 case _ _ 43 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 45 det _ _ 44 bare bare ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 45 amod _ _ 45 feet foot NOUN NNS Number=Plur 39 obl _ _ 46 and and CCONJ CC _ 47 cc _ _ 47 legs leg NOUN NNS Number=Plur 45 conj _ _ 48 of of ADP IN _ 49 case _ _ 49 pedestrians pedestrian NOUN NNS Number=Plur 47 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 50 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 39 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 51 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **come** | past | knives *= knife* | | | a certain place | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to place=Initial\_Location | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Hlakanyana | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | This | the place and awls | | | | awls *conj* | tree rules | | 4 | **throw away** *in a quote* | gerund | the place and awls *not said here* | izilanda | | | | away *property* | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent izilanda=Theme | | 5 | **use** | participle | | awls *not said here* | | | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **make** | to-infinitive | | holes | | skins | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset hole=Product | | 7 | **sew** | present · passive | | knives *= knife* | | | | together *property* | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Product | | 8 | **take** | gerund | knives *= knife* *not said here* | thorns | | the bare feet and legs of pedestrians | | | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent thorn=Theme out foot=Initial\_Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 254](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/10/254/) - next →: [sentence 256](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/10/256/) - ↑ back to [The Story of Hlakanyana.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/10/)