---
title: Hlakanyana replied: “Just give us something to eat first; look at ou… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: Hlakanyana replied: “Just give us something to eat first; look at our stomachs and behold the pinchings of hunger.” Who acts: Hlakanyana. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Hlakanyana., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Hlakanyana., sentence 264

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Hlakanyana replied: “Just give us something to eat first; look at our stomachs and behold the pinchings of hunger.”

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**Who acts:** Hlakanyana · **What happens:** reply, give, eat, look · **To what, where:** something, us · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Hlakanyana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hlakanyana), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:10:264
# text = Hlakanyana replied: “Just give us something to eat first; look at our stomachs and behold the pinchings of hunger.”
1	Hlakanyana	Hlakanyana	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	replied	reply	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
4	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	Just	just	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
7	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	iobj	_	_
8	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obj	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	acl	_	_
11	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
14	at	at	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	stomachs	stomach	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	20	discourse	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	pinchings	pinching	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	hunger	hunger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reply** *speech: assert* | past | Hlakanyana |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **give** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | something | us |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent we=Recipient something=Theme |
| 3 | **eat** *in a quote* | to-infinitive |  | something *not said here* |  |  |  | first *property* | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **look** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | at our stomachs and the pinchings of hunger | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at stomach=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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