---
title: Hlakanyana replied: “Give me meat first, and I will go away;” but th… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: Hlakanyana replied: “Give me meat first, and I will go away;” but the chief would not answer, because he was very angry. Who acts: Hlakanyana, chief. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Hlakanyana., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Hlakanyana., sentence 31

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Hlakanyana replied: “Give me meat first, and I will go away;” but the chief would not answer, because he was very angry.

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**Who acts:** Hlakanyana, chief · **What happens:** reply, give, go away, not answer, be · **To what, where:** meat, Hlakanyana · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Hlakanyana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hlakanyana, chief), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:10:31
# text = Hlakanyana replied: “Give me meat first, and I will go away;” but the chief would not answer, because he was very angry.
1	Hlakanyana	Hlakanyana	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	replied	reply	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
4	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	Give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
6	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	iobj	_	_
7	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
14	away	away	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
17	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	chief	chief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
20	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
21	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	22	advmod	_	_
22	answer	answer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
24	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
25	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
26	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
27	very	very	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
28	angry	angry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reply** *speech: assert* | past | Hlakanyana |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **give** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | meat | Hlakanyana |  |  | first *property* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient meat=Theme |
| 3 | **go away** *in a quote* | future | Hlakanyana |  |  |  |  | away *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **not** **answer** *speech: assert* | would | the chief |  |  |  |  |  | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **is** | past | chief |  |  |  |  | angry *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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