---
title: As he was going along, he saw a hyena building a house, having cooke… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: As he was going along, he saw a hyena building a house, having cooked some meat. Who acts: Hlakanyana, hyena. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Hlakanyana., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Hlakanyana., sentence 315

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As he was going along, he saw a hyena building a house, having cooked some meat.

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**Who acts:** Hlakanyana, hyena · **What happens:** go along, see, build, have, cook · **To what, where:** hyena, house, meat

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Hlakanyana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hlakanyana, hyena), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:10:315
# text = As he was going along, he saw a hyena building a house, having cooked some meat.
1	As	as	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
5	along	along	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	hyena	hyena	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	building	build	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	acl	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	conj	_	_
16	cooked	cook	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	xcomp	_	_
17	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	18	det	_	_
18	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go along** | past · progressive | Hlakanyana |  |  |  |  | along *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **see** | past | Hlakanyana | a hyena |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer hyena=Stimulus |
| 3 | **build** | gerund | a hyena *not said here* | a house |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset house=Product |
| 4 | **have** | gerund | Hlakanyana *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **cook** | participle | Hlakanyana *not said here* | some meat |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent meat=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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