---
title: Hlakanyana said to the iguana: “Lend me your ugwali for a little, pl… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: Hlakanyana said to the iguana: “Lend me your ugwali for a little, please.” Who acts: Hlakanyana. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Hlakanyana., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Hlakanyana., sentence 331

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Hlakanyana said to the iguana: “Lend me your ugwali for a little, please.”

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**Who acts:** Hlakanyana · **What happens:** say, lend · **To what, where:** iguana, ugwali, Hlakanyana · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Hlakanyana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hlakanyana), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:10:331
# text = Hlakanyana said to the iguana: “Lend me your ugwali for a little, please.”
1	Hlakanyana	Hlakanyana	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	iguana	iguana	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	Lend	lend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
9	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	iobj	_	_
10	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	ugwali	ugwali	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	please	please	INTJ	UH	_	8	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Hlakanyana |  | the iguana |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to iguana=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **lend** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | your ugwali | Hlakanyana |  |  | for a little | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient ugwali=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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