---
title: Then the rush turned to be Hlakanyana again, and he went on his way… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: Then the rush turned to be Hlakanyana again, and he went on his way playing on the ugwali of the iguana. Who acts: rush, Hlakanyana, way. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Hlakanyana., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Hlakanyana., sentence 339

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Then the rush turned to be Hlakanyana again, and he went on his way playing on the ugwali of the iguana.

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**Who acts:** rush, Hlakanyana, way · **What happens:** turn, be, go, play · **To what, where:** Hlakanyana, way, ugwali

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Hlakanyana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rush, Hlakanyana, way), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:10:339
# text = Then the rush turned to be Hlakanyana again, and he went on his way playing on the ugwali of the iguana.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	rush	rush	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	cop	_	_
7	Hlakanyana	Hlakanyana	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	again	again	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
13	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	playing	play	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	acl	_	_
17	on	on	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	ugwali	ugwali	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	iguana	iguana	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | past | the rush |  |  |  | then; again |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | to-infinitive |  | Hlakanyana |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **go** | past | Hlakanyana |  |  | Hlakanyana's way |  |  | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on way=Location |
| 4 | **play** | gerund | Hlakanyana's way *not said here* |  |  | the ugwali of the iguana |  |  | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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