---
title: The leopardess went to hold the rock up, and Hlakanyana did not retu… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: The leopardess went to hold the rock up, and Hlakanyana did not return. Who acts: leopardess, Hlakanyana. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Hlakanyana., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/10/374/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Kaffir folk-lore](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/) / [The Story of Hlakanyana.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/10/) / 374

# Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Hlakanyana., sentence 374

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The leopardess went to hold the rock up, and Hlakanyana did not return.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** leopardess, Hlakanyana · **What happens:** go, hold up, not return · **To what, where:** rock

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Hlakanyana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (leopardess, Hlakanyana), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:10:374
# text = The leopardess went to hold the rock up, and Hlakanyana did not return.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	leopardess	leopardess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	hold	hold	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	up	up	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
11	Hlakanyana	Hlakanyana	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
12	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
13	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
14	return	return	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | the leopardess |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **hold up** | to-infinitive | the leopardess *not said here* | the rock |  |  |  |  | vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot rock=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **return** | past · do-support | Hlakanyana |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 373](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/10/373/)
- next →: [sentence 375](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/10/375/)
- ↑ back to [The Story of Hlakanyana.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/10/)