---
title: Then Hlakanyana sent a monkey to the chief to ask the name of the tr… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: Then Hlakanyana sent a monkey to the chief to ask the name of the tree. Who acts: Hlakanyana. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Hlakanyana., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Hlakanyana., sentence 382

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Then Hlakanyana sent a monkey to the chief to ask the name of the tree.

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**Who acts:** Hlakanyana · **What happens:** send, ask, name · **To what, where:** monkey, chief, name, tree

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Hlakanyana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hlakanyana), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:10:382
# text = Then Hlakanyana sent a monkey to the chief to ask the name of the tree.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	Hlakanyana	Hlakanyana	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	monkey	monkey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	chief	chief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	ask	ask	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | past | Hlakanyana | a monkey |  | the chief | then |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent monkey=Theme to chief=Destination |
| 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | to-infinitive | Hlakanyana *not said here* | the name of the tree |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent name=Recipient |
| 3 | **name** |  |  | the tree |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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