---
title: In the night when all were sleeping, Hlakanyana went up the tree of… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: In the night when all were sleeping, Hlakanyana went up the tree of the chief and ate all the fruit of it. Who acts: all, Hlakanyana. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Hlakanyana., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Hlakanyana., sentence 385

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In the night when all were sleeping, Hlakanyana went up the tree of the chief and ate all the fruit of it.

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**Who acts:** all, Hlakanyana · **What happens:** sleep, go up, eat · **To what, where:** tree, fruit

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Hlakanyana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (all, Hlakanyana), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:10:385
# text = In the night when all were sleeping, Hlakanyana went up the tree of the chief and ate all the fruit of it.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
5	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	nsubj	_	_
6	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	sleeping	sleep	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
9	Hlakanyana	Hlakanyana	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	up	up	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	chief	chief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
19	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	21	det:predet	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sleep** | past · progressive | all |  |  |  |  |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **go up** | past | Hlakanyana | the tree of the chief |  |  | night |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient tree=Extent |
| 3 | **eat** | past | Hlakanyana *not said here* | all fruit of fruit |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fruit=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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- ← previous: [sentence 384](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/10/384/)
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