---
title: He said to the jackal: “You must climb up on the house and cry out w… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: He said to the jackal: “You must climb up on the house and cry out with a loud voice, ‘We are going to be fat to-day because Hlakanyana is dead’” Who acts: Hlakanyana, jackal, We. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Hlakanyana., with its dependency tree and the prag
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Hlakanyana., sentence 406

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He said to the jackal: “You must climb up on the house and cry out with a loud voice, ‘We are going to be fat to-day because Hlakanyana is dead’”

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**Who acts:** Hlakanyana, jackal, We · **What happens:** say, climb up, cry out, go, be · **To what, where:** jackal, house · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Hlakanyana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hlakanyana, jackal, We), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:10:406
# text = He said to the jackal: “You must climb up on the house and cry out with a loud voice, ‘We are going to be fat to-day because Hlakanyana is dead’”
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	jackal	jackal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
7	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	climb	climb	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	parataxis	_	_
11	up	up	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	cry	cry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	conj	_	_
17	out	out	ADP	RP	_	16	compound:prt	_	_
18	with	with	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
23	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
25	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
26	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	ccomp	_	_
27	to	to	PART	TO	_	29	mark	_	_
28	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	29	cop	_	_
29	fat	fat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	xcomp	_	_
30	to	to	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	_
33	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	36	mark	_	_
34	Hlakanyana	Hlakanyana	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	36	nsubj	_	_
35	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	36	cop	_	_
36	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	26	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Hlakanyana |  | the jackal |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to jackal=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **climb up** *in a quote* | must | the jackal *= jackal* |  |  | the house |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on house=Trajectory |
| 3 | **cry out** *speech: express* *in a quote* | infinitive | the jackal *= jackal* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with a loud voice | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with voice=Theme |
| 4 | **go** *in a quote* | present · progressive | We |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **is** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | We *not said here* |  |  |  | day | fat *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **is** *in a quote* | present | Hlakanyana |  |  |  |  | dead *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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- ← previous: [sentence 405](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/10/405/)
- next →: [sentence 407](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/10/407/)
- ↑ back to [The Story of Hlakanyana.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/10/)