---
title: Hlakanyana said to his mother, that she must put the meat in the pot… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: Hlakanyana said to his mother, that she must put the meat in the pot to cook, but that it must not be eaten before the next morning. Who acts: Hlakanyana, mother. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Hlakanyana., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every c
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Hlakanyana., sentence 69

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Hlakanyana said to his mother, that she must put the meat in the pot to cook, but that it must not be eaten before the next morning.

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**Who acts:** Hlakanyana, mother · **What happens:** say, put, cook, not eat · **To what, where:** mother, meat, pot · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Hlakanyana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hlakanyana, mother), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:10:69
# text = Hlakanyana said to his mother, that she must put the meat in the pot to cook, but that it must not be eaten before the next morning.
1	Hlakanyana	Hlakanyana	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	parataxis	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	pot	pot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	cook	cook	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
19	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
20	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj:pass	_	_
22	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
23	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	25	advmod	_	_
24	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	aux:pass	_	_
25	eaten	eat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
26	before	before	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
28	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Hlakanyana |  | Hlakanyana's mother |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to mother=Recipient |
| 2 | **put** | must | mother | the meat |  | the pot |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent meat=Theme in pot=Destination |
| 3 | **cook** | to-infinitive | mother *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **not** **eat** | must · passive |  | meat |  |  | morning |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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