---
title: Demane went out hunting by day, and told his sister that she was not… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: Demane went out hunting by day, and told his sister that she was not to roast any meat while he was absent, lest the cannibals should discover their retreat by the smell. Who acts: Demane, Demazana, cave, cannibals. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Demane and Dem
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Demane and Demazana., sentence 4

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Demane went out hunting by day, and told his sister that she was not to roast any meat while he was absent, lest the cannibals should discover their retreat by the smell.

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**Who acts:** Demane, Demazana, cave, cannibals · **What happens:** go out, hunt, tell, not be, be, discover · **To what, where:** sister, retreat · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Demane and Demazana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Demane, Demazana, cave, cannibals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:11:4
# text = Demane went out hunting by day, and told his sister that she was not to roast any meat while he was absent, lest the cannibals should discover their retreat by the smell.
1	Demane	Demane	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	out	out	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	hunting	hunt	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	iobj	_	_
12	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
13	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
15	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	17	advmod	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	roast	roast	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
18	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	19	det	_	_
19	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
20	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
21	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
22	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
23	absent	absent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
25	lest	lest	SCONJ	IN	_	29	mark	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	cannibals	cannibal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	nsubj	_	_
28	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
29	discover	discover	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	_
30	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
31	retreat	retreat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	_
32	by	by	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	smell	smell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go out** | past | Demane |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **hunt** | gerund | Demane *not said here* |  |  |  | day |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past |  |  | cave's sister |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent sister=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 4 | **not** **is** *not said to happen* | past | Demazana |  |  |  |  | any meat *obj*; roast *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **is** | past | cave |  |  |  |  | absent *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **discover** | should | the cannibals | Demane's retreat |  |  |  | by the smell | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent retreat=Topic |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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