--- title: But one day, when they were big, she went out, and after she was awa… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics description: But one day, when they were big, she went out, and after she was away some time, the boy said to his sister: “Come, let us help our mother by bringing water from the river.” Who acts: one day, woman, boy, us. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Mbulukazi., with its --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/17/19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Kaffir folk-lore](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/) / [The Story of Mbulukazi.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/17/) / 19 # Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Mbulukazi., sentence 19 But one day, when they were big, she went out, and after she was away some time, the boy said to his sister: “Come, let us help our mother by bringing water from the river.” **Who acts:** one day, woman, boy, us · **What happens:** be, go out, say, come, let, help · **To what, where:** sister, us, mother, water, river · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Mbulukazi.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (one day, woman, boy, us), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg71335:17:19 # text = But one day, when they were big, she went out, and after she was away some time, the boy said to his sister: “Come, let us help our mother by bringing water from the river.” 1 But but CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 2 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 3 nummod _ _ 3 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 4 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 5 when when SCONJ WRB _ 8 mark _ _ 6 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nsubj _ _ 7 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 cop _ _ 8 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 9 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 10 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nsubj _ _ 11 went go VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 parataxis _ _ 12 out out ADP RP _ 11 compound:prt _ SpaceAfter=No 13 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 15 after after SCONJ IN _ 18 mark _ _ 16 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ _ 17 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 18 cop _ _ 18 away away ADV RB _ 11 conj _ _ 19 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 20 det _ _ 20 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obl:unmarked _ SpaceAfter=No 21 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 boy boy NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ _ 24 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 18 parataxis _ _ 25 to to ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 26 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ _ 27 sister sister NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 28 : : PUNCT : _ 30 punct _ _ 29 “ " PUNCT `` _ 30 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 30 Come come VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 24 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No 31 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 32 let let VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 30 conj _ _ 33 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 32 obj _ _ 34 help help VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 32 xcomp _ _ 35 our our PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 36 nmod:poss _ _ 36 mother mother NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 obj _ _ 37 by by SCONJ IN _ 38 mark _ _ 38 bringing bring VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 34 advcl _ _ 39 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 obj _ _ 40 from from ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 41 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 42 det _ _ 42 river river NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 43 . . PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 44 ” " PUNCT '' _ 8 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | past | one day | | | | | children *= child* *nsubj*; big *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **go out** | past | woman | | | | | | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **is** | past | woman | | | | | away *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the boy | | boy's sister | | time | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to sister=Recipient clause=Topic | | 5 | **come** *in a quote* | infinitive | | | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **let** *in a quote* | infinitive | | us | | | | | tree rules | | 7 | **help** *in a quote* | infinitive | us *not said here* | | our mother | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mother=Beneficiary | | 8 | **bring** *in a quote* | gerund | us *not said here* | water | | the river | | | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent water=Theme from river=Initial\_Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/17/18/) - next →: [sentence 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/17/20/) - ↑ back to [The Story of Mbulukazi.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/17/)