---
title: Mbulukazi’s ox was a pretty young one, and Mahlunguluza’s ox was an… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: Mbulukazi’s ox was a pretty young one, and Mahlunguluza’s ox was an old and poor one. Who acts: ox. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Mbulukazi., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Mbulukazi., sentence 42

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Mbulukazi’s ox was a pretty young one, and Mahlunguluza’s ox was an old and poor one.

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**Who acts:** ox · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** pretty young one, old one

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Mbulukazi.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ox), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:17:42
# text = Mbulukazi’s ox was a pretty young one, and Mahlunguluza’s ox was an old and poor one.
1	Mbulukazi	Mbulukazi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	’s	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	ox	ox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	pretty	pretty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
11	Mahlunguluza	Mahlunguluza	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	’s	's	PART	POS	_	11	case	_	_
13	ox	ox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
15	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
16	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	conj	_	_
19	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Mbulukazi's ox | a pretty young one and a old one |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | past | Mahlunguluza's ox | a old one |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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- ↑ back to [The Story of Mbulukazi.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/17/)